心肌病的预防与治疗

People who have cardiomyopathy, but no signs or 症状, may not need treatment. 有时, 扩张型心肌病 突然出现的可能会自行消失.

在其他情况下，需要治疗. 治疗取决于几个因素:心肌病的类型, the severity of your 症状 和 complications as well as your age 和 overall health.

治疗目标

在治疗心肌病时，目标包括:

• 阻止疾病恶化
• Managing any conditions that cause or contribute to the disease
• 减少并发症和风险 心脏骤停 (SCA)
• 控制 症状 这样你就能尽可能正常地生活

治疗心肌病

生活方式的改变

生活方式的改变 may help manage a condition that’s causing your cardiomyopathy.

健康饮食和体育锻炼

• A 健康的饮食习惯 和 体育活动 是沙巴足球体育平台方式的一部分吗. 健康的饮食包括多种 水果,蔬菜 和谷物. 一半的谷物应该来自全麦食品.
• 选择低脂肪含量的食物 饱和脂肪和反式脂肪. 健康的选择包括 瘦肉，去皮家禽; 鱼, beans as well as fat-free or low-fat milk 和 milk products.
• 选择和 准备少量盐的食物 (钠). 过多的钠会提高你的 患高血压的风险. 研究表明，遵循一个 预防高血压的饮食方法 (DASH)饮食计划可以降低血压.
• 选择低碳水化合物的食物和饮料 添加糖. 避免饮酒. 如果你喝含酒精饮料因此，这样做要适度.
• 目标: 健康的体重 控制在每日所需的热量范围内. Balance the calories you take in with the calories you use during 体育活动.
• 尽可能多运动. But talk to your health care professional before increasing your 体育活动 if you:
  • 吃药.
  • 有持续的健康问题.
  • Experience 症状 如 chest pain, shortness of breath or dizziness.

其他生活方式的改变

Your health care professional also may recommend other lifestyle changes, 如:

• 戒烟 
• 减掉多余体重
• 避免酒精和非法药物
• 保证充足的睡眠和休息
• 减少压力
• 治疗潜在的疾病，比如 糖尿病 和 高血压 

药物

许多药物用于治疗心肌病. 您的医疗保健专业人员可能会开具以下药物:

• 降低血压. 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂, 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂, 受体阻滞剂和钙通道阻滞剂就是例子 降低血压的药物.
• 减缓你的 心率. β-受体阻滞药, calcium channel blockers 和 digoxin are examples of medicines that slow the 心率. β-受体阻滞药 和 calcium channel blockers also are used to lower blood pressure.
• 保持心脏以正常的节奏跳动. 这些药物叫做 那儿，帮助预防 心律失常 (心跳异常).
• 平衡你体内的电解质. Electrolytes are minerals that help maintain fluid levels 和 the acid-base balance in your body. Electrolytes also help muscle 和 nerve tissues work properly. Medicines used to balance electrolytes include aldosterone blockers.
• 排出体内多余的液体和钠. Diuretics, or “water pills,” help remove excess fluid 和 sodium from the body.
• 防止血栓形成. 抗凝血剂(PDF)或血液稀释剂，有助于防止血栓. Blood thinners often are used to prevent blood clots from forming in people who have 扩张型心肌病.
• 减少炎症. 药物 used to reduce inflammation include corticosteroids.

心肌病的治疗程序

A range of surgical 和 nonsurgical procedures can be used to treat cardiomyopathy:

• 隔肌切除术: 这种开胸手术是为有 梗阻性肥厚性心肌病 严重的症状. This surgery generally is reserved for younger patients 和 for people whose medications aren’t working well. A surgeon removes part of the thickened septum that’s bulging into the left ventricle. This improves blood flow within the heart 和 out to the body.
• 手术植入装置: Surgeons can implant several types of devices in the body to help the heart work better, including:
  • 起搏器: This small device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.
  • 心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)装置: This device coordinates contractions between the heart’s left 和 right ventricles.
  • 左心室辅助装置 (使用): This implantable device helps the heart pump blood to the body. An LVAD can be used for long-term therapy or as an interim treatment for those awaiting a heart transplant.
  • 植入式转复除颤器 (ICD): An ICD helps maintain a normal heartbeat by sending an electric shock to the heart if an 心律失常 检测到.
• 心脏移植手术: A person’s diseased heart is replaced with a healthy donor heart. A heart transplant is a last resort for people who have end-stage heart failure. (End-stage means that all other treatment options have been explored, without success.)
• 酒精室间隔消融术(非手术): Ethanol (a type of alcohol) is injected through a tube into the small artery that supplies blood to the area of heart muscle thickened by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 酒精会导致这些细胞死亡. 增厚的组织收缩到更正常的大小. The risks 和 complications of heart surgery increase with age. 出于这个原因, ablation may be preferred to myectomy in older patients with other medical conditions.

如何预防心肌病?

遗传性心肌病是无法预防的. But you can take steps to lower your risk for conditions that may lead to (or complicate) cardiomyopathy, 如 冠心病, 高血压 和 心脏病.

心肌病 can be precipitated by an underlying disease or condition. Treating that initial problem early enough may help prevent the complications presented by cardiomyopathy. 例如, 控制高血压的潜在条件, 高胆固醇和糖尿病:

• 让你的健康护理专业人员定期检查.
• Follow your health care professional's advice about lifestyle changes.
• 严格按照医嘱服药.

Just as some underlying conditions can bring about cardiomyopathy, 心肌病可引起其他并发症.

例如，心肌病会增加患心脏病的风险 心脏骤停 (SCA). An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can lessen this risk.